Udhaar dene se pehle paanch cheezein dekhein: customer aapse kitna aur kab se kharidta hai, pichhla udhaar time par chukaya ya nahi, maanga hua amount uski roz ki kharidari se bada to nahi, mahine ka kaunsa din hai, aur usse dukan tak laaya kaun. Ye check do minute ka hai aur aapka apna khata hi iska sabse bharosemand source hai.
Udhaar dene se pehle kya check karna chahiye?
Udhaar dene se pehle jo paanch cheezein dekhni hain, wo sab aapke khate mein pehle se likhi hoti hain: kharidari, repayment, ticket size, timing aur reference. Neeche wali table print karke counter ke paas rakh lein. Paanch mein se chaar "Haan" hon tab hi udhaar dein; do ya zyada "Na" hon to aaj mana karein.
| # | Check | Kya dekhna hai | Haan / Na |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Purchase history | Kam se kam 2 se 3 mahine se regular kharidta hai? | |
| 2 | Repayment pattern | Pichhla udhaar tay date par poora chukaya? | |
| 3 | Ticket size | Maanga hua amount uski normal mahine ki kharidari se kam hai? | |
| 4 | Timing | Uski salary ya payment date 10 din ke andar hai? Tyohaar ya month-end ka extra load to nahi? | |
| 5 | Reference | Use koi purana bharosemand customer laaya hai, ya aap use naam aur ghar se jaante hain? |
Table ka matlab simple hai. Jo cheezein aap "yaad" se decide karte hain, wo sab yahan ek jagah aa gayi. Yaad thak jaati hai, kaagaz nahi.
Counter ke paas rakhne wali checklist. Paanch sawaal, aur faisla "Haan" ki ginti se.
Purane customer ka hisaab kaise parkhein?
Purane customer ke teen mahine ka khata uski poori kahani bata deta hai: kitna liya, kab diya, aur kitna baar aadha diya. Amount se zyada pattern dekhein.
Teen tarah ke pattern dikhte hain. Pehla, customer har baar tay date ke aas-paas poora chukata hai; iski limit aap dheere dheere badha sakte hain. Doosra, wo chukata to hai par har baar 10 ya 15 din late; limit wahi rakhein, badhaayein nahi. Teesra, aur yahi khatre ki ghanti hai, part-payment chhoti hoti ja rahi hai: pehle 2,000 mein se 1,500 diye, phir 1,000, phir 500, aur baaki "agle hafte". Jab kisht sikudne lage, naya udhaar rok dein aur pehle purana settle karwayein.
Teen pattern, teen faisle. Teesra pattern yaad pakad nahi paati, likha khata pakad leta hai.
Likha hua khata yahan yaad se aage nikal jaata hai. Yaad mein sirf "achha aadmi hai" rehta hai, khate mein date aur amount rehta hai. Aur jab bahut sa udhaar atak jaaye to kya mera phansa udhaar wapas aayega wali post mein hisaab lagane ka tareeka diya hai.
Naye customer ko udhaar dein ya nahi?
Naye customer ko pehle din udhaar nahi, seedhi ka pehla step milta hai: 100 se 200 rupaye (2026 ke example figures) ka chhota udhaar, jo agli visit par chukta ho jaaye. Wo saaf chuk gaya to agli baar 500 tak, aur 2 se 3 baar clean settlement ke baad monthly khata khol sakte hain. Ye seedhi kisi survey ka number nahi, dukandaron ka aam tareeka hai.
Ek rule pakka rakhein: reference nahi, to udhaar nahi. Jise aap jaante nahi, jiska ghar aur kaam pata nahi, aur jise koi purana customer lekar nahi aaya, use pehle cash par kharidne dein. Ye rukhaai nahi, dhandhe ka niyam hai.
Seedhi neeche se chadhaayein. Pehla din aur bina reference, dono par jawab ek hi hai.
Mana karne ke liye bhaari lines ki zaroorat nahi. "Bhai, abhi naye khaton par udhaar band hai, do-teen baar cash par le lo phir dekhte hain." Ya "Aaj 200 ka de deta hoon, baaki agli baar." Customer ko na bhi sunai deti hai aur darwaza bhi khula rehta hai.
Ek baat saaf kar dein: aap kisi customer ka CIBIL ya bureau report check nahi kar sakte. Credit Information Companies (Regulation) Act 2005 ke hisaab se bureau ki report sirf "specified users" (bank, NBFC jaise credit institutions) aur khud us insaan ko milti hai; kisi aur ko dena kanoon ke khilaaf hai. RBI ke January 2025 ke Credit Information Reporting Directions ke mutabik har vyakti saal mein ek baar har bureau se apni poori report free le sakta hai, isliye customer chaahe to khud dikha sakta hai, par aap use maang, rakh ya share nahi sakte. Isi wajah se koi "defaulter list" ya doosre dukandaron ke saath naam share karna bhi galat raasta hai; iska poora sach CIBIL defaulter list wali post mein hai. Aapka khata hi aapka credit check hai.
Kis customer ko kitna udhaar dena chahiye?
Limit ka rule of thumb teen line ka hai: ek customer ko uski aadhe se ek mahine ki kharidari jitna, har customer ke liye ek fixed rupaye ki chhat, aur dukan ka kul udhaar stock ki keemat ke 10 se 20 percent ke andar. Ye koi statistic ya industry benchmark nahi hai; ye aapke apne niyam hain, jo neeche ke ganit se aap apni dukan par set karte hain.
Teen niyam, ek ke upar ek. Neeche ki table inhi ko teen dukanon ke example figures par chalakar dikhati hai.
| Dukan (2026 ke example figures) | Stock ki keemat | Kul udhaar ki chhat (10 se 20%) | Customer ki mahine ki kharidari | Us customer ki limit (aadha se ek mahina) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chhoti kirana | ₹1,00,000 | ₹10,000 se ₹20,000 | ₹3,000 | ₹1,500 se ₹3,000 |
| Medium general store | ₹4,00,000 | ₹40,000 se ₹80,000 | ₹6,000 | ₹3,000 se ₹6,000 |
| Badi dukan / chhota wholesaler | ₹10,00,000 | ₹1,00,000 se ₹2,00,000 | ₹15,000 | ₹7,500 se ₹15,000 |
Ganit ek baar khud kar lein. Chhoti kirana mein kul chhat 10,000 rakhi aur average customer ki limit 2,000 hai, to poori limit par sirf paanch customer aa sakte hain. Chhata customer aaya to ya kisi ka purana settle hoga ya use "abhi nahi" sunna padega. Yahi wo jagah hai jahan zyadatar dukanein phislati hain: har customer ki limit theek lagti hai, par sab milakar shelf khaali kar dete hain. Stock ke 20 percent se upar udhaar gaya, to ek kharaab mahina kaafi hai maal kharidne ke paise khatam karne ke liye.
Naye kirana walon ke liye ye limit pehle din se tay karna aur bhi zaroori hai; kirana store kholne ki guide mein working capital ka hisaab isi ke saath jodkar dekhein.
Udhaar dete samay record kaise rakhein ki baad mein jhagda na ho?
Har udhaar ki entry bikri ke waqt hi karein, date, saaman aur amount ke saath, aur usi waqt customer ko message bhej dein jiska wo jawab de. Entry aapki taraf ka record hai; customer ka reply, dastakhat ya part-payment uski taraf ka sabot hai. Dono milkar hi kaam aate hain.
Kanoon ki wajah samajh lein. 1 July 2024 se Indian Evidence Act ki jagah Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 laagu hai (as of 2026). Iski section 28 kehti hai ki dhandhe mein regular rakhe gaye account books, electronic form wale bhi, court mein relevant hain, lekin sirf khate ki entry se kisi par liability tay nahi hoti; saath mein doosra sabot chahiye. Section 2(1)(d) smartphone ke message ko bhi "document" maanti hai, aur section 61 electronic record ko sirf electronic hone ki wajah se reject nahi hone deti. Phone ya app ka record court mein rakhna ho to section 63 wala certificate bhi lagta hai. Isliye app ka screenshot akela case nahi jitata; customer ka "haan, 1,500 baaki hain" wala reply jeetata hai.
Settlement ki date pehle din likh dein. Limitation Act 1963 ke hisaab se udhaar par bikri ka paisa maangne ki miyaad teen saal hai: fixed credit period na ho to delivery ki date se, aur tay period ho to us period ke khatam hone se. Ye teen saal dobara shuru hote hain jab customer miyaad khatam hone se pehle likhit mein, apne dastakhat ke saath, udhaar maanta hai (section 18), ya miyaad ke andar part-payment karta hai aur wo payment uski likhawat ya dastakhat wale kaagaz se acknowledge ho (section 19). Matlab, har chhoti kisht ke saath ek likhit acknowledgement lena purane udhaar ko zinda rakhta hai. Bada udhaar phansa ho to vakil se salah zaroor lein; ye post kanooni salah nahi hai.
Udhaar ka hisaab rakhne ke liye OkCredit jaisa free digital khata app use kar sakte hain: har entry ka SMS customer ko bhi bheja ja sakta hai, Auto Reminder chalu ho to bakaya par SMS reminder apne aap jaate hain (aapke apne phone se), aur khata online backup rehta hai, phone badlo to bhi hisaab saath chalta hai.
Record ban gaya, ab vasooli ka tareeka udhaar vasooli ke 10 tareeke mein aur bhejne layak message payment reminder messages mein hain.
FAQ
Naye customer ko udhaar dena chahiye ya nahi?
Pehle din nahi. Pehle 100 se 200 rupaye (2026 ke example figures) ka chhota udhaar dein, phir 500, aur 2 se 3 baar saaf settlement ke baad monthly khata kholein. Bina reference wale customer ko pehle cash par kharidne dein.
Kis customer ko kitna udhaar dena chahiye?
Rule of thumb: us customer ki aadhe se ek mahine ki kharidari jitna, ek fixed rupaye ki chhat ke andar, aur dukan ka kul udhaar stock ki keemat ke 10 se 20 percent tak. Ye aapka apna niyam hai, koi industry ka aankda nahi.
Kya dukandar customer ka CIBIL check kar sakta hai?
Nahi. CICRA 2005 ke tahat bureau report sirf specified users (bank, NBFC jaise credit institutions) aur khud us vyakti ko milti hai. RBI ke 2025 directions ke hisaab se customer saal mein ek baar har bureau se apni report free lekar chaahe to khud dikha sakta hai, par aap use maang ya rakh nahi sakte.
Udhaar kitne saal tak wapas maang sakte hain?
Limitation Act 1963 ke hisaab se teen saal, delivery ki date se ya tay credit period khatam hone se. Miyaad khatam hone se pehle customer ka dastakhat wala likhit acknowledgement (section 18) ya customer ke dastakhat ya uski likhawat mein acknowledge ki gayi part-payment (section 19) teen saal dobara shuru kar deti hai. Bade amount par vakil se salah lein.
Dukan mein udhaar kaise dein ki baad mein jhagda na ho?
Bikri ke waqt hi date, saaman aur amount ki entry karein, settlement ki date likhein aur customer ko message bhejkar uska reply rakhein. Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 ki section 28 ke hisaab se khate ki entry akeli liability saabit nahi karti, isliye customer ki taraf ka acknowledgement saath rakhna zaroori hai.
